Mapping bioclimatic units of Oaxaca in Mexico: A systematic assessment

Bioclimatic classification (WBCS), which examines the relationship between vegetation distribution and climatic variables such as precipitation and temperature, is essential for understanding the ecological dynamics. This research focuses on producing a detailed bioclimatic map of Oaxaca, Mexico, at a spatial resolution of 30 arc-seconds, using the methodology developed by Rivas-Martínez et al. (2011). Oaxaca, characterised by its complex topography and diverse climatic conditions, provides a unique opportunity to study bioclimatic patterns in a tropical region. Using high-resolution climate data from Chelsa database, we identified and mapped different bioclimates, variants, thermotypes and ombrotypes horizons and levels of continentality within the tropical macrobioclimate. Our analysis revealed a rich diversity of bioclimatic zones, reflecting the complex interplay between Oaxaca's physical geography and its bioclimates. The results, presented in high resolution maps, highlight the spatial variability and complexity of Oaxaca's bioclimatic landscape. These findings are crucial for several applications, including biodiversity conservation, agricultural planning and climate change adaptation strategies. By providing an accurate bioclimatic classification, this study makes a significant contribution to bioclimatology and could give valuable insights into climate-vegetation relationships in tropical regions. This detailed bioclimatic map improves our understanding of the current ecological status of Oaxaca and serves as a critical tool for future environmental planning and conservation efforts. Furthermore, it could be the basis for planning in national programs that consider agriculture and forests in Mexico such as Programa Sembrando Vida (PSV).