Landslide monitoring and mechanism analysis based on asperity theory: a case study of Rongwu Expressway, Inner Mongolia
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Graphical Abstract
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Abstract
Varied slope structures have different landslide initiation mechanisms. However, the role of interfacial asperities in controlling sliding initiation is unclear. This study develops a novel analytical method for interface mechanisms in practical landslide scenarios. Based on asperity theory, theoretical derivations were conducted, yielding an equilibrium equation grounded in the maximum shear length of asperities (Llimit). A method was proposed to evaluate slope stability by integrating Llimit with monitored displacement data. On-site displacement monitoring and slope state analysis determined the distribution range of asperities, providing theoretical support for slope remediation. Between July 2023 and July 2024, a large landslide located in Shagudu Town, Zhungeer Banner, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, underwent multiple deformation stages. This landslide seriously affected the operations of the Rongwu Expressway. This study initially examined the geological structure of the landslide through geological drilling and surveys. The distribution of asperities in the landslide area was determined through physical and mechanical tests and on-site geological mapping. A layout plan for landslide disposal and monitoring points was developed based on the interface landslide asperity theory. Analysis of 20 days of displacement monitoring data was used to determine asperity distribution and analyze slope movement, informed by asperity theory. This study pioneers the systematic application of asperity theory as the primary framework for analyzing and managing a large-scale interface landslide in engineering practice. Its rationality and effectiveness are rigorously demonstrated through the successful determination of the asperity distribution range within the Rongwu Expressway landslide, leading to effective remediation and favorable monitoring outcomes. This work not only validates the asperity theory for interface landslides but, crucially, establishes a novel, practical method for their stability assessment. Furthermore, a key theoretical advancement is the development of the concept that asperity-controlled main sliding surfaces can induce secondary sliding surfaces, based on field evidence and analysis.
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