Seismotectonics of the Kuhbanan fault zone analyzed through spatial distribution of fractal dimensions

Fractal geometry quantitatively analyzes the irregular distribution of geological features, highlighting the dynamic aspects of tectonics, seismic heterogeneity, and geological maturity. This study analyzed the active fault data along the Kuhbanan fault zone in southeastern Iran by applying the box-counting method and observing the changes in Coulomb stress and tried to find the potential triggering parts. The entire region was divided into 16 subzones with the box-counting method, and then the fractal dimension (D) in each zone was calculated. The analysis of the fractal dimension for active faults and earthquake epicenters along with the seismicity parameter (b) and their ratio in the Kuhbanan region indicates an imbalance between seismic fractals and faults. This finding suggests that the area may have the potential for future earthquakes or hidden faults. In conjunction with b-value and changes in Coulomb stress change, D-value analysis reveals intense tectonic activity and stress accumulation, particularly within the Ravar, Zarand, and Kianshahr sections. It may be considered a potential location for future earthquakes. The changes in Coulomb stress resulting from the 2005 Dahuieh earthquake have also placed this region within the stress accumulation zone, potentially triggering the mentioned areas. This integrative approach, backed by historical earthquake data, highlights the impact of fault geometry and stress dynamics, offering an enhanced framework for earthquake forecasting and seismic risk mitigation applicable to other tectonically active areas within the Iranian plateau.