{"data":{"pagerFilter":{"currentpage":1,"joinConds":{},"maxresult":20,"orderby":{},"pagecode":5,"pageindex":{"endPagecode":1,"startPagecode":1},"records":[{"data":{"abstractAccess":true,"abstractinfoCn":"","abstractinfoEn":"Strong wind events frequently result in creating large areas of windthrow, which causes abrupt environmental changes. Bare soil surfaces within pits and root plates potentially expose soil to erosion. Absence of forest may alter the dynamics of water circulation. In this study we attempt to answer the question of whether extensive windthrows influence the magnitude of geomorphic processes in 6 small second- to third-order catchments with area ranging from 0.09 km<sup>2</sup> to 0.8 km<sup>2</sup>. Three of the catchments were significantly affected by a windthrow which occurred in December 2013 in the Polish part of the Tatra Mountains, and the other three catchments were mostly forested and served as control catchments. We mapped the pits created by the windthrow and the linear scars created by salvage logging operations in search of any signs of erosion within them. We also mapped all post-windthrow landslides created in the windthrow-affected catchments. The impact of the windthrow on the fluvial system was investigated by measuring a set of channel characteristics and determining bedload transport intensity using painted tracers in all the windthrow-affected and control catchments. Both pits and linear scars created by harvesting tend to become overgrown by vegetation in the first several years after the windthrow. The only signs of erosion were observed in 10% of the pits located on convergent slopes. During the period from the windthrow event in 2013 until 2019, 5 very small (total area &lt; 100 m<sup>2</sup>) shallow landslides were created. The mean distance of bedload transport was similar (<i>t</i>-test, <i>p</i>=0.05) in most of the windthrow-affected and control catchments. The mapping of channels revealed many cases of root plates fallen into a channel and pits created near a channel. A significant amount of woody debris delivered into the channels influenced the activity of fluvial processes by creating alternating zones of erosion and accumulation.","appendixList":[],"articleBusiness":{"articleId":"eef1a392-c566-4de0-8154-16800e054dbf","articleState":"-1","articleType":"1","baiduIncludeResult":0,"baiduIncludeResultSearchNum":0,"baiduXueShuIncludeResult":0,"baiduXueShuIncludeResultSearchNum":0,"filename":"SDKXXB-18-6-1405.XML","googleIncludeResult":0,"googleIncludeResultSearchNum":0,"htmlSource":1,"htmlViewCount":4,"id":"d85305c9-1d8f-4671-879c-b746911b17ca","isRegCstr":0,"isRegDOI":1,"isUpdate":"1","pdfDownCount":3,"pdfEnFileSizeInt":0,"pdfFileName":"sdkxxb-18-6-1405.pdf","pdfFileSize":10435.71,"pdfFileSizeInt":10435,"remark":"XML","sortNum":0,"viewCount":8,"xmlDownCount":0,"xmlFileSize":131.0},"articleNo":"sdkxxb-18-6-1405","authors":[{"addressTagIds":"aff1","articleId":"eef1a392-c566-4de0-8154-16800e054dbf","authorNameCn":"","authorNameEn":"STRZYŻOWSKI Dariusz","authorTagVal":"","authorType":"author","corresper":true,"correspinfoEn":"STRZYŻOWSKI Dariusz, e-mail: <a href=\"mailto:dariusz.strzyzowski@doctoral.uj.edu.p\">dariusz.strzyzowski@doctoral.uj.edu.p</a>","email":"dariusz.strzyzowski@doctoral.uj.edu.p","givenNamesEn":"Dariusz","id":"4669b34e-2e2f-453d-8b7c-974475982765","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6271-3028","sortNumber":1,"surNameEn":"STRZYŻOWSKI"},{"addressTagIds":"aff1","articleId":"eef1a392-c566-4de0-8154-16800e054dbf","authorNameCn":"","authorNameEn":"GORCZYCA Elżbieta","authorTagVal":"","authorType":"author","bioEn":"GORCZYCA Elżbieta, e-mail: <a href=\"mailto:elzbieta.gorczyca@uj.edu.p\">elzbieta.gorczyca@uj.edu.p</a>","corresper":false,"email":"elzbieta.gorczyca@uj.edu.p","givenNamesEn":"Elżbieta","id":"5579b3d1-c6fc-422b-98e9-831c011f4c03","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8348-4132","sortNumber":2,"surNameEn":"GORCZYCA"},{"addressTagIds":"aff1","articleId":"eef1a392-c566-4de0-8154-16800e054dbf","authorNameCn":"","authorNameEn":"KRZEMIEŃ Kazimierz","authorTagVal":"","authorType":"author","bioEn":"KRZEMIEŃ Kazimierz, e-mail: <a href=\"mailto:kazimierz.krzemien@uj.edu.pl\">kazimierz.krzemien@uj.edu.pl</a>","corresper":false,"email":"kazimierz.krzemien@uj.edu.pl","givenNamesEn":"Kazimierz","id":"640cd208-90c3-42ef-a7e6-027a0cc7f34d","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9417-1243","sortNumber":3,"surNameEn":"KRZEMIEŃ"},{"addressTagIds":"aff1","articleId":"eef1a392-c566-4de0-8154-16800e054dbf","authorNameCn":"","authorNameEn":"ŻELAZNY Mirosław","authorTagVal":"","authorType":"author","bioEn":"ŻELAZNY Mirosław, e-mail: <a href=\"mailto:miroslaw.zelazny@uj.edu.p\">miroslaw.zelazny@uj.edu.p</a>","corresper":false,"email":"miroslaw.zelazny@uj.edu.p","givenNamesEn":"Mirosław","id":"265eb398-00e3-439f-8548-6a1e366b90b0","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9022-1039","sortNumber":4,"surNameEn":"ŻELAZNY"}],"categoryNameEn":"Mountain Hazards","citationCn":"","citationEn":"STRZYŻOWSKI Dariusz, GORCZYCA Elżbieta, KRZEMIEŃ Kazimierz, ŻELAZNY Mirosław. 2021: The intensity of slope and fluvial processes after a catastrophic windthrow event in small catchments in the Tatra Mountains. <i>Journal of Mountain Science</i>, 18(6): 1405-1423. <span style=\"display:inline-block;\">DOI: <a class=\"mainColor\" href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11629-021-6726-2\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"mainColor\">10.1007/s11629-021-6726-2</a></span>","doi":"10.1007/s11629-021-6726-2","figList":[{"dataId":"eef1a392-c566-4de0-8154-16800e054dbf","fileFrom":"xml","fileLastName":"jpg","filePath":"/fileSDKXXB/journal/article/sdkxxb/2021/6/sdkxxb-18-6-1405-1.jpg","fileSize":"233KB","fileType":"fulltextFig","fileXMLPath":"sdkxxb-18-6-1405-1.jpg","id":"60acf28c-0cba-49f6-97fd-4a134bf5f931","isFirstImg":"0","journalId":"ff007540-a7c7-4752-b593-efa08309babb","labelText":"1","nameEn":"Location of the studied valleys, painted tracer plots, and rainfall and water level gauging stations. One of the rain gauges belonging to the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – the National Research Institute was located 500 m north of the studied area, as indicated by the arrow in the northern part of the map.","referSecTagIds":"","sort":0,"supplementRemarkCn":"","supplementRemarkEn":"","tagId":"Figure1","type":"article","typesetSecTagId":"s2","viewNum":0},{"dataId":"eef1a392-c566-4de0-8154-16800e054dbf","fileFrom":"xml","fileLastName":"jpg","filePath":"/fileSDKXXB/journal/article/sdkxxb/2021/6/sdkxxb-18-6-1405-2.jpg","fileSize":"63KB","fileType":"fulltextFig","fileXMLPath":"sdkxxb-18-6-1405-2.jpg","id":"71a50e71-b406-433f-bd8d-4c35748200c7","isFirstImg":"0","journalId":"ff007540-a7c7-4752-b593-efa08309babb","labelText":"2","nameEn":"Different patterns of modelling a channel affected by different types of woody debris. Large woody debris (LWD) hung over a channel (A). A whole tree fallen into a valley bottom damming one side of a channel (B). Deposition of LWD in the channel damming the whole channel width (C). Accumulation of fine woody debris (FWD) within one side of a channel forced by a partly suspended tree trunk (D). LWD blocking both sides of a channel (E). FWD spread around the entire surface of a channel (F).","referSecTagIds":"","sort":1,"supplementRemarkCn":"","supplementRemarkEn":"","tagId":"Figure2","type":"article","typesetSecTagId":"s4","viewNum":0},{"dataId":"eef1a392-c566-4de0-8154-16800e054dbf","fileFrom":"xml","fileLastName":"jpg","filePath":"/fileSDKXXB/journal/article/sdkxxb/2021/6/sdkxxb-18-6-1405-3.jpg","fileSize":"125KB","fileType":"fulltextFig","fileXMLPath":"sdkxxb-18-6-1405-3.jpg","id":"17035275-8578-47e0-92f1-8dedbc8070ea","isFirstImg":"0","journalId":"ff007540-a7c7-4752-b593-efa08309babb","labelText":"3","nameEn":"Photo of a channel in catchment C2 taken after in 2018, after logging trees affected by bark beetle.","referSecTagIds":"","sort":2,"supplementRemarkCn":"","supplementRemarkEn":"","tagId":"Figure3","type":"article","typesetSecTagId":"s4","viewNum":0},{"dataId":"eef1a392-c566-4de0-8154-16800e054dbf","fileFrom":"xml","fileLastName":"jpg","filePath":"/fileSDKXXB/journal/article/sdkxxb/2021/6/sdkxxb-18-6-1405-4.jpg","fileSize":"108KB","fileType":"fulltextFig","fileXMLPath":"sdkxxb-18-6-1405-4.jpg","id":"73343b30-c000-4a83-af3a-42c1c82e4541","isFirstImg":"0","journalId":"ff007540-a7c7-4752-b593-efa08309babb","labelText":"4","nameEn":"Graphs showing absolute and cumulative values of hourly rainfall (mm) and hourly values of discharge (dm<sup>3</sup> s<sup>–1</sup>) during six hydro-meteorological events recorded in the period of bedload transport measurements (2018-2019).","referSecTagIds":"","sort":3,"supplementRemarkCn":"","supplementRemarkEn":"","tagId":"Figure4","type":"article","typesetSecTagId":"s4","viewNum":0},{"dataId":"eef1a392-c566-4de0-8154-16800e054dbf","fileFrom":"xml","fileLastName":"jpg","filePath":"/fileSDKXXB/journal/article/sdkxxb/2021/6/sdkxxb-18-6-1405-5.jpg","fileSize":"124KB","fileType":"fulltextFig","fileXMLPath":"sdkxxb-18-6-1405-5.jpg","id":"01377e5c-9c79-442f-aa25-a0009cbe8fdc","isFirstImg":"0","journalId":"ff007540-a7c7-4752-b593-efa08309babb","labelText":"5","nameEn":"Results of bedload transport measurements shown for all painted tracer plots. Each transport curve graph (particle size vs distance travelled) contains all the measurements collected for a given plot throughout 2 years of conducting the experiment. Dotted lines outline results for three measurements (excluding the first measurement which was not done for plots W2.1, W2.2, and C1.1 - see the methods section) and solid lines outline results for all four measurements. Locations of the plots are marked within longitudinal profiles of the studied channels.","referSecTagIds":"","sort":4,"supplementRemarkCn":"","supplementRemarkEn":"","tagId":"Figure5","type":"article","typesetSecTagId":"s4","viewNum":0},{"dataId":"eef1a392-c566-4de0-8154-16800e054dbf","fileFrom":"xml","fileLastName":"jpg","filePath":"/fileSDKXXB/journal/article/sdkxxb/2021/6/sdkxxb-18-6-1405-6.jpg","fileSize":"141KB","fileType":"fulltextFig","fileXMLPath":"sdkxxb-18-6-1405-6.jpg","id":"c85117b2-51f2-4d15-aace-97d27dca8ae8","isFirstImg":"0","journalId":"ff007540-a7c7-4752-b593-efa08309babb","labelText":"6","nameEn":"Transport curve graphs (distance of a transported particle vs its diameter) for all 5 pairs of windthrow-affected and control catchments. Each \"column\" of graphs represents one measurement.","referSecTagIds":"","sort":5,"supplementRemarkCn":"","supplementRemarkEn":"","tagId":"Figure6","type":"article","typesetSecTagId":"s4","viewNum":0},{"dataId":"eef1a392-c566-4de0-8154-16800e054dbf","fileFrom":"xml","fileLastName":"jpg","filePath":"/fileSDKXXB/journal/article/sdkxxb/2021/6/sdkxxb-18-6-1405-7.jpg","fileSize":"40KB","fileType":"fulltextFig","fileXMLPath":"sdkxxb-18-6-1405-7.jpg","id":"76db2ece-83cd-4e78-9414-59909f3d940d","isFirstImg":"0","journalId":"ff007540-a7c7-4752-b593-efa08309babb","labelText":"7","nameEn":"T-test plots showing differences in mean bedload transport distance between windthrow-affected and control catchments. Each mean is calculated based on all the measurements taken in 2018-2019 at a given plot. Pairs of catchments presented on upper plots are first-order catchments and pairs presented on the lower plots are secondorder catchments. Letter \"s\" in the upper corner of a plot indicates that means are significantly different at <i>p</i>=0.05.","referSecTagIds":"","sort":6,"supplementRemarkCn":"","supplementRemarkEn":"","tagId":"Figure7","type":"article","typesetSecTagId":"s4","viewNum":0},{"dataId":"eef1a392-c566-4de0-8154-16800e054dbf","fileFrom":"xml","fileLastName":"jpg","filePath":"/fileSDKXXB/journal/article/sdkxxb/2021/6/sdkxxb-18-6-1405-8.jpg","fileSize":"49KB","fileType":"fulltextFig","fileXMLPath":"sdkxxb-18-6-1405-8.jpg","id":"9efd2192-a952-4ed9-a3ec-0e46c7b0c294","isFirstImg":"0","journalId":"ff007540-a7c7-4752-b593-efa08309babb","labelText":"8","nameEn":"Daily and hourly precipitation sums for all the rainfall events recorded in 2014-2019 during which the daily precipitation sum exceeded 40 mm. Precipitation sums for the event in 2007 are presented for comparison.","referSecTagIds":"","sort":7,"supplementRemarkCn":"","supplementRemarkEn":"","tagId":"Figure8","type":"article","typesetSecTagId":"s5","viewNum":0},{"dataId":"eef1a392-c566-4de0-8154-16800e054dbf","fileFrom":"xml","fileLastName":"jpg","filePath":"/fileSDKXXB/journal/article/sdkxxb/2021/6/sdkxxb-18-6-1405-9.jpg","fileSize":"136KB","fileType":"fulltextFig","fileXMLPath":"sdkxxb-18-6-1405-9.jpg","id":"93caf44f-3093-43af-b6b3-76c2babced22","isFirstImg":"0","journalId":"ff007540-a7c7-4752-b593-efa08309babb","labelText":"9","nameEn":"Channel in catchment W3 in 2016, 2.5 years after the windthrow event; ruts created by vehicles are marked by dotted lines (A). The same section of the channel in 2018 (B).","referSecTagIds":"","sort":8,"supplementRemarkCn":"","supplementRemarkEn":"","tagId":"Figure9","type":"article","typesetSecTagId":"s5","viewNum":0}],"filePath":"/fileSDKXXB/journal/article/sdkxxb/2021/6/","firstFig":{"dataId":"eef1a392-c566-4de0-8154-16800e054dbf","fileFrom":"xml","fileLastName":"jpg","filePath":"/fileSDKXXB/journal/article/sdkxxb/2021/6/sdkxxb-18-6-1405-1.jpg","fileSize":"233KB","fileType":"fulltextFig","fileXMLPath":"sdkxxb-18-6-1405-1.jpg","id":"60acf28c-0cba-49f6-97fd-4a134bf5f931","isFirstImg":"0","journalId":"ff007540-a7c7-4752-b593-efa08309babb","labelText":"1","nameEn":"Location of the studied valleys, painted tracer plots, and rainfall and water level gauging stations. One of the rain gauges belonging to the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – the National Research Institute was located 500 m north of the studied area, as indicated by the arrow in the northern part of the map.","referSecTagIds":"","sort":0,"supplementRemarkCn":"","supplementRemarkEn":"","tagId":"Figure1","type":"article","typesetSecTagId":"s2","viewNum":0},"hasPage":true,"htmlAccess":true,"id":"eef1a392-c566-4de0-8154-16800e054dbf","issue":"6","issueArticle":"0","keywords":[{"articleId":"eef1a392-c566-4de0-8154-16800e054dbf","id":"6e2041e3-ee8e-4d2b-944e-99237ac440f3","keywordEn":"Fluvial processes","sortNum":1},{"articleId":"eef1a392-c566-4de0-8154-16800e054dbf","id":"d5a3ea83-d73f-495b-9688-b23367eff80d","keywordEn":"Slope processes","sortNum":2},{"articleId":"eef1a392-c566-4de0-8154-16800e054dbf","id":"85a0b6c8-85a2-4717-b336-bfbcd814e6de","keywordEn":"Windthrow","sortNum":3},{"articleId":"eef1a392-c566-4de0-8154-16800e054dbf","id":"e2574ead-457b-4987-b53e-cf5c6dcc0530","keywordEn":"Tree uprooting","sortNum":4},{"articleId":"eef1a392-c566-4de0-8154-16800e054dbf","id":"d64c6646-74e4-4384-963f-6a2e5f89fc68","keywordEn":"Channel morphology","sortNum":5},{"articleId":"eef1a392-c566-4de0-8154-16800e054dbf","id":"a7ed7cfa-114f-4886-a81e-6e4f701f390a","keywordEn":"Tatra Mountains","sortNum":6}],"language":"en","notes":[],"page":"1405-1423","pdfAccess":true,"publisherId":"sdkxxb-18-6-1405","releaseProgress":{"articleId":"eef1a392-c566-4de0-8154-16800e054dbf","lastReleaseTime":"2021-06-26 17:35","maxLastReleaseTime":"2021-06-26 17:35","minLastReleaseTime":"2021-06-26 17:35","otherReleaseList":[]},"releaseState":1,"searchSort":"20210006000000","subTitleCn":"","subTitleEn":"","supplements":[],"tableList":[],"tags":[{"data":"{\"publisherId\":\"\",\"journalName\":\"\",\"remark\":\"\",\"createDate\":\"\",\"createUser\":\"\",\"status\":\"1\"}","id":"0","journalId":"ff007540-a7c7-4752-b593-efa08309babb","level":1,"nameCn":"轮播推荐","nameEn":"轮播推荐","outputName":"0","tags":[],"type":"recommend"}],"titleCn":"","titleEn":"The intensity of slope and fluvial processes after a catastrophic windthrow event in small catchments in the Tatra Mountains","type":"research-article","volume":"18","year":"2021","yearInt":2021},"dataId":"eef1a392-c566-4de0-8154-16800e054dbf","dataType":"Article","id":"9620dc17-b216-4783-aeb2-dc360e524f79","language":"cn,en","sort":1,"tagId":"0"},{"data":{"abstractAccess":true,"abstractinfoCn":"","abstractinfoEn":"Numerous shallow earthquakes, including 24th August Amatrice, 26th October Visso, and 30th October Norcia earthquakes, ruptured the segments of Mount Vettore-Gorzano fault system in the central Apennines (Italy) in 2016. In order to investigate the stress perturbation and triggering patterns among the earthquake sequences, we introduce a more realistic nonplanar coseismic fault geometry model, which improve the rupture model by assimilating relocated aftershocks and the GPS observations. We adopt the seismic slip inversion program of the steepest descent method (SDM) to create the detailed coseismic rupture models and optimize Coulomb Failure Stress model by varying the coefficient of friction and received fault parameters. The results indicate that the nonplanar fault geometry model is more reflective of the deep slip of the coseismic rupture than planar model. As evidenced by the coseismic Coulomb stress changes caused by the three mainshocks at different depth slices, the stress loading mainly distributes on the active fault zones and the stress changes can well explain the spatial distribution of aftershocks. The first large Amatrice mainshock accelerates the occurrence of the Mw 5.9 Visso and Mw 6.6 Norcia earthquakes, with the positive stress changes at the hypocenter exceeding the stress triggering threshold (0.010×10<sup>6</sup> Pa) and up to 0.015×10<sup>6</sup> and 0.257×10<sup>6</sup> Pa, respectively. Furthermore, the Mw 5.9 Visso earthquake as well encourages the occurrence of the Mw 6.6 Norcia event with the increased stress changes of 0.052×10<sup>6</sup> Pa on the hypocenter. It is concluded that the stress transfer and accumulation play crucial roles on the linkage triggering mechanism among the mainshock-mainshock and mainshock-aftershocks. Noteworthily, the cumulative stress changes on the southwest segment of the Norcia Fault (NF), the southeast parts of the Montereale Fault System (MFS) and Mount Gorzano Fault (MGF) of the main regions are up to (1.5~3.5) ×10<sup>6</sup> Pa. The cumulative stress changes have not been released sufficiently by aftershocks, which may increase the seismic hazard in those regions.","appendixList":[],"articleBusiness":{"articleId":"cc4a9a4f-b923-4b7b-b6e9-481f91034da7","articleState":"-1","articleType":"1","baiduIncludeResult":0,"baiduIncludeResultSearchNum":0,"baiduXueShuIncludeResult":0,"baiduXueShuIncludeResultSearchNum":0,"filename":"SDKXXB-18-6-1424.XML","googleIncludeResult":0,"googleIncludeResultSearchNum":0,"htmlSource":1,"htmlViewCount":5,"id":"ef23280f-94b1-46af-ae87-828f5cb3941c","isRegCstr":0,"isRegDOI":1,"isUpdate":"1","pdfDownCount":0,"pdfEnFileSizeInt":0,"pdfFileName":"sdkxxb-18-6-1424.pdf","pdfFileSize":7012.21,"pdfFileSizeInt":7012,"remark":"XML","sortNum":0,"viewCount":10,"xmlDownCount":0,"xmlFileSize":122.0},"articleNo":"sdkxxb-18-6-1424","authors":[{"addressTagIds":"aff1, aff2","articleId":"cc4a9a4f-b923-4b7b-b6e9-481f91034da7","authorNameCn":"","authorNameEn":"ZHANG Lu-peng","authorTagVal":"1, 2","authorType":"author","bioEn":"ZHANG Lu-peng, e-mail: <a href=\"mailto:zlupeng@my.swjtu.edu.cn\">zlupeng@my.swjtu.edu.cn</a>","corresper":false,"email":"zlupeng@my.swjtu.edu.cn","givenNamesEn":"Lu-peng","id":"618530a5-b9a5-4f1c-906f-c32ba1f62002","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3358-8018","sortNumber":1,"surNameEn":"ZHANG"},{"addressTagIds":"aff1","articleId":"cc4a9a4f-b923-4b7b-b6e9-481f91034da7","authorNameCn":"","authorNameEn":"HUANG Ding-fa","authorTagVal":"1","authorType":"author","corresper":true,"correspinfoEn":"HUANG Ding-fa, e-mail: <a href=\"mailto:dfhuang@swjtu.edu.cn\">dfhuang@swjtu.edu.cn</a>","email":"dfhuang@swjtu.edu.cn","givenNamesEn":"Ding-fa","id":"c1d95e9f-1895-4dfa-9ccf-059126486c0c","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9335-3694","sortNumber":2,"surNameEn":"HUANG"},{"addressTagIds":"aff1","articleId":"cc4a9a4f-b923-4b7b-b6e9-481f91034da7","authorNameCn":"","authorNameEn":"JIANG Zhong-shan","authorTagVal":"1","authorType":"author","bioEn":"JIANG Zhong-shan, e-mail: <a href=\"mailto:jszhhh@my.swjtu.edu.cn\">jszhhh@my.swjtu.edu.cn</a>","corresper":false,"email":"jszhhh@my.swjtu.edu.cn","givenNamesEn":"Zhong-shan","id":"0f453174-9435-4331-8c49-c7efccf8de57","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1672-798X","sortNumber":3,"surNameEn":"JIANG"},{"addressTagIds":"aff1","articleId":"cc4a9a4f-b923-4b7b-b6e9-481f91034da7","authorNameCn":"","authorNameEn":"FENG Wei","authorTagVal":"1","authorType":"author","bioEn":"FENG Wei, e-mail: <a href=\"mailto:wfeng@swjtu.edu.cn\">wfeng@swjtu.edu.cn</a>","corresper":false,"email":"wfeng@swjtu.edu.cn","givenNamesEn":"Wei","id":"41c10b15-e8a2-40f4-aac8-92b13f2f2d15","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3973-1199","sortNumber":4,"surNameEn":"FENG"},{"addressTagIds":"aff1, aff3","articleId":"cc4a9a4f-b923-4b7b-b6e9-481f91034da7","authorNameCn":"","authorNameEn":"HASSAN Abubakr","authorTagVal":"1, 3","authorType":"author","bioEn":"HASSAN Abubakr, e-mail: <a href=\"mailto:bakhas@my.swjtu.edu.cn\">bakhas@my.swjtu.edu.cn</a>","corresper":false,"email":"bakhas@my.swjtu.edu.cn","givenNamesEn":"Abubakr","id":"2fbce493-1498-4860-b48c-3f3441a88c90","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1998-4559","sortNumber":5,"surNameEn":"HASSAN"}],"categoryNameEn":"Mountain Hazards","citationCn":"","citationEn":"ZHANG Lu-peng, HUANG Ding-fa, JIANG Zhong-shan, FENG Wei, HASSAN Abubakr. 2021: Seismic stress perturbation and triggering patterns induced by the 2016 Central Italy earthquake sequences. <i>Journal of Mountain Science</i>, 18(6): 1424-1438. <span style=\"display:inline-block;\">DOI: <a class=\"mainColor\" href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11629-020-6527-z\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"mainColor\">10.1007/s11629-020-6527-z</a></span>","doi":"10.1007/s11629-020-6527-z","figList":[{"dataId":"cc4a9a4f-b923-4b7b-b6e9-481f91034da7","fileFrom":"xml","fileLastName":"jpg","filePath":"/fileSDKXXB/journal/article/sdkxxb/2021/6/sdkxxb-18-6-1424-1.jpg","fileSize":"69KB","fileType":"fulltextFig","fileXMLPath":"sdkxxb-18-6-1424-1.jpg","id":"7c8964aa-98ad-44f6-bdea-f8127b20f053","isFirstImg":"0","journalId":"ff007540-a7c7-4752-b593-efa08309babb","labelText":"1","nameEn":"Tectonic setting of the 2016 earthquake sequences, Italy. Black solid lines represent the major active faults. Red stars denote major earthquakes (Mw &gt; 6.0), which happened in 2016. Yellow stars indicate historical earthquakes. Triangles and circles are the continuous and campaign GPS stations, respectively. Red star in the upper left map shows the epicenter of the mainshock. The bottom left inset shows aftershocks in the first month after the earthquake, the size of the circle and color grade delineate the magnitude and the focal depth of the aftershocks, respectively.","referSecTagIds":"","sort":0,"supplementRemarkCn":"","supplementRemarkEn":"","tagId":"Figure1","type":"article","typesetSecTagId":"s1","viewNum":0},{"dataId":"cc4a9a4f-b923-4b7b-b6e9-481f91034da7","fileFrom":"xml","fileLastName":"jpg","filePath":"/fileSDKXXB/journal/article/sdkxxb/2021/6/sdkxxb-18-6-1424-2.jpg","fileSize":"80KB","fileType":"fulltextFig","fileXMLPath":"sdkxxb-18-6-1424-2.jpg","id":"73a766ed-7e5d-4f22-8cc9-01ff44e4498f","isFirstImg":"0","journalId":"ff007540-a7c7-4752-b593-efa08309babb","labelText":"2","nameEn":"3D view of the seismicity related to the 2016 central Italy earthquake sequences. (a) The 24th August Amatrice, (b) the 26th October Visso, and (c) the 30th October Norcia coseismic rupture models. Blue lines denote the main active faults from <span class=\"xref\"><a href=\"#bliu2017\" ref-type=\"bibr\">Liu et al. (2017)</a></span>. Black green dots are the relocated aftershock events.","referSecTagIds":"","sort":1,"supplementRemarkCn":"","supplementRemarkEn":"","tagId":"Figure2","type":"article","typesetSecTagId":"s2","viewNum":0},{"dataId":"cc4a9a4f-b923-4b7b-b6e9-481f91034da7","fileFrom":"xml","fileLastName":"jpg","filePath":"/fileSDKXXB/journal/article/sdkxxb/2021/6/sdkxxb-18-6-1424-3.jpg","fileSize":"24KB","fileType":"fulltextFig","fileXMLPath":"sdkxxb-18-6-1424-3.jpg","id":"719ccf65-b21a-42e2-b75b-7979b16bece8","isFirstImg":"0","journalId":"ff007540-a7c7-4752-b593-efa08309babb","labelText":"3","nameEn":"a) Trade-off curve of the fitting residual (Misfit) and the dip angle (24th August Amatrice earthquake). Red star denotes the optimal dip angle (Dip: 47°) of the plane geometry model. b) Two-dimensional schematic diagram of the coseismic fault geometry model with the optimal dip angle of the nonplanar geometry model (Misfit (Varying dip: 55°-33°) =0.3199 &lt; Misfit (Dip: 47°)). Black solid line represents the plane geometry and red solid line denotes the nonplanar geometry model. Arrows denote the coseismic fault slip direction.","referSecTagIds":"","sort":2,"supplementRemarkCn":"","supplementRemarkEn":"","tagId":"Figure3","type":"article","typesetSecTagId":"s2","viewNum":0},{"dataId":"cc4a9a4f-b923-4b7b-b6e9-481f91034da7","fileFrom":"xml","fileLastName":"jpg","filePath":"/fileSDKXXB/journal/article/sdkxxb/2021/6/sdkxxb-18-6-1424-4.jpg","fileSize":"96KB","fileType":"fulltextFig","fileXMLPath":"sdkxxb-18-6-1424-4.jpg","id":"38bfbfc8-68d1-4d78-b7ba-f3564bf34267","isFirstImg":"0","journalId":"ff007540-a7c7-4752-b593-efa08309babb","labelText":"4","nameEn":"Coseismic inversion results. (a) Amatrice earthquake (b) Visso earthquake and (c) Norcia earthquake.","referSecTagIds":"","sort":3,"supplementRemarkCn":"","supplementRemarkEn":"","tagId":"Figure4","type":"article","typesetSecTagId":"s2","viewNum":0},{"dataId":"cc4a9a4f-b923-4b7b-b6e9-481f91034da7","fileFrom":"xml","fileLastName":"jpg","filePath":"/fileSDKXXB/journal/article/sdkxxb/2021/6/sdkxxb-18-6-1424-5.jpg","fileSize":"172KB","fileType":"fulltextFig","fileXMLPath":"sdkxxb-18-6-1424-5.jpg","id":"4d2a54e2-757d-4bd0-904f-ee5339946795","isFirstImg":"0","journalId":"ff007540-a7c7-4752-b593-efa08309babb","labelText":"5","nameEn":"Horizontal and vertical displacements (a, b: Mw 6.3 Amatrice; c: Mw 5.9 Visso; d, e: Mw 6.6 Norcia) with observation data (black arrows) and model predictions (red arrows), respectively. Yellow and red stars donate the mainshock, and black lines represent the major active faults.","referSecTagIds":"","sort":4,"supplementRemarkCn":"","supplementRemarkEn":"","tagId":"Figure5","type":"article","typesetSecTagId":"s2","viewNum":0},{"dataId":"cc4a9a4f-b923-4b7b-b6e9-481f91034da7","fileFrom":"xml","fileLastName":"jpg","filePath":"/fileSDKXXB/journal/article/sdkxxb/2021/6/sdkxxb-18-6-1424-6.jpg","fileSize":"177KB","fileType":"fulltextFig","fileXMLPath":"sdkxxb-18-6-1424-6.jpg","id":"950e1f2f-0dce-4336-8b4d-5297dafd7de1","isFirstImg":"0","journalId":"ff007540-a7c7-4752-b593-efa08309babb","labelText":"6","nameEn":"Spatial distribution of Coulomb stress changes caused by the three mainshocks at depths between 4 and 16 km. [a, b, c and d], [e, f, g and h] and [i, j, k and l] represent the Coulomb stress changes induced by the Amatrice, Visso and Norcia earthquakes, respectively, with aftershocks (black dots) at depth ranges of [3-5] km, [7-9] km, [11-13] km and [15-17] km. Blue stars denote the mainshock sequences and black lines are the major active faults.","referSecTagIds":"","sort":5,"supplementRemarkCn":"","supplementRemarkEn":"","tagId":"Figure6","type":"article","typesetSecTagId":"s4","viewNum":0},{"dataId":"cc4a9a4f-b923-4b7b-b6e9-481f91034da7","fileFrom":"xml","fileLastName":"jpg","filePath":"/fileSDKXXB/journal/article/sdkxxb/2021/6/sdkxxb-18-6-1424-7.jpg","fileSize":"81KB","fileType":"fulltextFig","fileXMLPath":"sdkxxb-18-6-1424-7.jpg","id":"b7ad02d2-8a3b-480e-bc7d-e7ed9a881738","isFirstImg":"0","journalId":"ff007540-a7c7-4752-b593-efa08309babb","labelText":"7","nameEn":"Map views the Coulomb stress changes at the hypocenters of the mainshocks. [a, b and c] Coulomb stress changes at the hypocenters of the two large earthquakes (26th October Mw 5.9 Visso and 30th October Mw 6.6 Norcia earthquakes) caused by the Amatrice mainshock (24th August). [d] Accumulative Coulomb stress changes at the hypocenter of the Norcia earthquake induced by Mw 6.3 Amatrice and Mw 5.9 Visso earthquakes. Blue stars represent the mainshocks of receiver fault and green stars denote the mainshocks of source fault.","referSecTagIds":"","sort":6,"supplementRemarkCn":"","supplementRemarkEn":"","tagId":"Figure7","type":"article","typesetSecTagId":"s4","viewNum":0},{"dataId":"cc4a9a4f-b923-4b7b-b6e9-481f91034da7","fileFrom":"xml","fileLastName":"jpg","filePath":"/fileSDKXXB/journal/article/sdkxxb/2021/6/sdkxxb-18-6-1424-8.jpg","fileSize":"115KB","fileType":"fulltextFig","fileXMLPath":"sdkxxb-18-6-1424-8.jpg","id":"0ba025b6-246a-43da-ad70-4315cbcb2256","isFirstImg":"0","journalId":"ff007540-a7c7-4752-b593-efa08309babb","labelText":"8","nameEn":"Coulomb stress changes induced by the three mainshocks (e.g. 24th August Mw 6.3 Amatrice, 26th October Mw 5.9 Visso and 30th October Mw 6.6 Norcia earthquakes). [a-c] E-W normal stress, N-S normal stress and horizontal shear stress. Blue stars are the mainshocks. [d] Total coseismic Coulomb stress changes associated with the three mainshocks at ~8 km depth. Purple rectangles represent the regions of coseismic fault dislocation. Green stars represent the 2017 Montereale earthquake sequence (Mw&gt;4.0).","referSecTagIds":"","sort":7,"supplementRemarkCn":"","supplementRemarkEn":"","tagId":"Figure8","type":"article","typesetSecTagId":"s4","viewNum":0},{"dataId":"cc4a9a4f-b923-4b7b-b6e9-481f91034da7","fileFrom":"xml","fileLastName":"jpg","filePath":"/fileSDKXXB/journal/article/sdkxxb/2021/6/sdkxxb-18-6-1424-9.jpg","fileSize":"68KB","fileType":"fulltextFig","fileXMLPath":"sdkxxb-18-6-1424-9.jpg","id":"1e438ea2-e2f3-4fd1-9df5-4fcf7f6e7442","isFirstImg":"0","journalId":"ff007540-a7c7-4752-b593-efa08309babb","labelText":"9","nameEn":"Section plane variations of the Coulomb stress changes field along with the direction of A to B. [a and b] Coulomb stress changes field caused by the Mw 6.3 Amatrice earthquake and Mw 5.9 Visso earthquake. [c] Accumulated stress changes induced by three mainshocks (Amatrice, Visso and Norcia), together with the aftershocks in four months. Blue circles indicate the aftershocks with a magnitude of Mw&gt;3.0. The size of the dots and the red circles illustrate the magnitude size and danger zones, successively.","referSecTagIds":"","sort":8,"supplementRemarkCn":"","supplementRemarkEn":"","tagId":"Figure9","type":"article","typesetSecTagId":"s4","viewNum":0}],"filePath":"/fileSDKXXB/journal/article/sdkxxb/2021/6/","firstFig":{"dataId":"cc4a9a4f-b923-4b7b-b6e9-481f91034da7","fileFrom":"xml","fileLastName":"jpg","filePath":"/fileSDKXXB/journal/article/sdkxxb/2021/6/sdkxxb-18-6-1424-1.jpg","fileSize":"69KB","fileType":"fulltextFig","fileXMLPath":"sdkxxb-18-6-1424-1.jpg","id":"7c8964aa-98ad-44f6-bdea-f8127b20f053","isFirstImg":"0","journalId":"ff007540-a7c7-4752-b593-efa08309babb","labelText":"1","nameEn":"Tectonic setting of the 2016 earthquake sequences, Italy. Black solid lines represent the major active faults. Red stars denote major earthquakes (Mw &gt; 6.0), which happened in 2016. Yellow stars indicate historical earthquakes. Triangles and circles are the continuous and campaign GPS stations, respectively. Red star in the upper left map shows the epicenter of the mainshock. The bottom left inset shows aftershocks in the first month after the earthquake, the size of the circle and color grade delineate the magnitude and the focal depth of the aftershocks, respectively.","referSecTagIds":"","sort":0,"supplementRemarkCn":"","supplementRemarkEn":"","tagId":"Figure1","type":"article","typesetSecTagId":"s1","viewNum":0},"hasPage":true,"htmlAccess":true,"id":"cc4a9a4f-b923-4b7b-b6e9-481f91034da7","issue":"6","issueArticle":"0","keywords":[{"articleId":"cc4a9a4f-b923-4b7b-b6e9-481f91034da7","id":"04ac7b30-090a-4c6b-9b9e-3a7fb0452198","keywordEn":"GPS","sortNum":1},{"articleId":"cc4a9a4f-b923-4b7b-b6e9-481f91034da7","id":"aea098cd-9193-4db9-b62f-c1ffa3a7b9dc","keywordEn":"Relocated aftershocks","sortNum":2},{"articleId":"cc4a9a4f-b923-4b7b-b6e9-481f91034da7","id":"b6520917-0158-4e43-ab50-6bae2edfa412","keywordEn":"Nonplanar fault geometry","sortNum":3},{"articleId":"cc4a9a4f-b923-4b7b-b6e9-481f91034da7","id":"e948428d-7d93-4844-95c5-680f3864798c","keywordEn":"Stress perturbation","sortNum":4},{"articleId":"cc4a9a4f-b923-4b7b-b6e9-481f91034da7","id":"f30b5d63-8edc-4dcd-bf04-295cbe879f4a","keywordEn":"Seismic triggering patterns","sortNum":5},{"articleId":"cc4a9a4f-b923-4b7b-b6e9-481f91034da7","id":"550f5b43-6b48-4653-a8e2-20aa3f11962b","keywordEn":"Seismic risk assessment","sortNum":6}],"language":"en","notes":[],"page":"1424-1438","pdfAccess":true,"publisherId":"sdkxxb-18-6-1424","releaseProgress":{"articleId":"cc4a9a4f-b923-4b7b-b6e9-481f91034da7","lastReleaseTime":"2021-06-26 17:35","maxLastReleaseTime":"2021-06-26 17:35","minLastReleaseTime":"2021-06-26 17:35","otherReleaseList":[]},"releaseState":1,"searchSort":"20210006000000","subTitleCn":"","subTitleEn":"","supplements":[],"tableList":[],"tags":[{"data":"{\"publisherId\":\"\",\"journalName\":\"\",\"remark\":\"\",\"createDate\":\"\",\"createUser\":\"\",\"status\":\"1\"}","id":"0","journalId":"ff007540-a7c7-4752-b593-efa08309babb","level":1,"nameCn":"轮播推荐","nameEn":"轮播推荐","outputName":"0","tags":[],"type":"recommend"}],"titleCn":"","titleEn":"Seismic stress perturbation and triggering patterns induced by the 2016 Central Italy earthquake sequences","type":"research-article","volume":"18","year":"2021","yearInt":2021},"dataId":"cc4a9a4f-b923-4b7b-b6e9-481f91034da7","dataType":"Article","id":"bb35dcb9-9ab6-48c7-b322-8056f13500bd","language":"cn,en","sort":2,"tagId":"0"},{"data":{"abstractAccess":true,"abstractinfoCn":"","abstractinfoEn":"With the rapid development of urbanization, a large amount of construction spoil was stockpiled around cities and formed extensive dumps. Construction spoil is one of the main construction and demolition (C &amp; D) waste and municipal solid waste (MSW). Once the construction spoil dump becomes unstable, it will bring great risks to the surrounding residents. A catastrophic dump failure occurred on 20 December 2015 in Guangming New Strict, Shenzhen, China. Approximately 2.51×10<sup>6</sup> m<sup>3</sup> of construction waste slid out from the dumpsite, destroying 33 houses and causing total 77 casualties. This paper attempts to analyze the failure probability of the construction spoil dump using Monte Carlo simulation considering the spatial variability of soil properties, and to quantify the dynamic human risk considering the increasing urbanization. Influence of urbanization on the human element at risk is analyzed by referring to multi-temporal remote sensing images. A quantitative human risk assessment model is employed to determine the landslide human risk referring an assessment criteria curve between frequency of number fatalities and number of fatalities (<i>F</i>-<i>N</i> curve). It is found that the societal risk at daytime was 0.078, 0.088, and 1.432 in 2002, 2014, and 2015, respectively. Meanwhile, the societal risk at night was 0.034, 0.037, and 0.611 in 2002, 2014, and 2015, respectively. The quantitative method was benchmarked by the other landfill failure. It implies that the human risk increased with the development of urbanization and its value at daytime was approximately twice as much as at night. The new approach for the human risk assessment provides guidance for modern MSW landfills and highlights the obvious influence of urbanization on the human risk in other areas.","appendixList":[],"articleBusiness":{"articleId":"20c19c8b-ca1c-4761-bb44-672dab515be8","articleState":"-1","articleType":"1","baiduIncludeResult":0,"baiduIncludeResultSearchNum":0,"baiduXueShuIncludeResult":0,"baiduXueShuIncludeResultSearchNum":0,"filename":"SDKXXB-18-6-1439.XML","googleIncludeResult":0,"googleIncludeResultSearchNum":0,"htmlSource":1,"htmlViewCount":26,"id":"30ed8c8d-8582-4ecd-8992-5add0b6f98f2","isRegCstr":0,"isRegDOI":1,"isUpdate":"1","pdfDownCount":0,"pdfEnFileSizeInt":0,"pdfFileName":"sdkxxb-18-6-1439.pdf","pdfFileSize":19643.9,"pdfFileSizeInt":19643,"remark":"XML","sortNum":0,"viewCount":63,"xmlDownCount":0,"xmlFileSize":157.0},"articleNo":"sdkxxb-18-6-1439","authors":[{"addressTagIds":"aff1","articleId":"20c19c8b-ca1c-4761-bb44-672dab515be8","authorNameCn":"","authorNameEn":"ZHANG Shuai","authorTagVal":"1","authorType":"author","bioEn":"ZHANG Shuai, e-mail: <a href=\"mailto:zhangshuaiqj@zju.edu.cn\">zhangshuaiqj@zju.edu.cn</a>","corresper":false,"email":"zhangshuaiqj@zju.edu.cn","givenNamesEn":"Shuai","id":"942b21f7-5cdb-4b79-b2aa-28f7ba487e74","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1546-5460","sortNumber":1,"surNameEn":"ZHANG"},{"addressTagIds":"aff1","articleId":"20c19c8b-ca1c-4761-bb44-672dab515be8","authorNameCn":"","authorNameEn":"LIU Ying","authorTagVal":"1","authorType":"author","bioEn":"LIU Ying, e-mail: <a href=\"mailto:21812144@zju.edu.cn\">21812144@zju.edu.cn</a>","corresper":false,"email":"21812144@zju.edu.cn","givenNamesEn":"Ying","id":"a7eb8737-07ad-46e6-96d0-899f2e639051","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5449-2990","sortNumber":2,"surNameEn":"LIU"},{"addressTagIds":"aff1","articleId":"20c19c8b-ca1c-4761-bb44-672dab515be8","authorNameCn":"","authorNameEn":"BATE Bate","authorTagVal":"1","authorType":"author","bioEn":"BATE Bate,e-mail: <a href=\"mailto:batebate@zju.edu.cn\">batebate@zju.edu.cn</a>","corresper":false,"email":"batebate@zju.edu.cn","givenNamesEn":"Bate","id":"06153102-ace3-41ee-83cf-e35b8de3987f","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8692-8402","sortNumber":3,"surNameEn":"BATE"},{"addressTagIds":"aff2, aff3","articleId":"20c19c8b-ca1c-4761-bb44-672dab515be8","authorNameCn":"","authorNameEn":"PENG Da-lei","authorTagVal":"2, 3","authorType":"author","corresper":true,"correspinfoEn":"PENG Da-lei, e-mail: <a href=\"mailto:pengdalei@ust.hk\">pengdalei@ust.hk</a>","email":"pengdalei@ust.hk","givenNamesEn":"Da-lei","id":"45ce588a-4cdb-4623-96c8-5e7861277df0","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-3339","sortNumber":4,"surNameEn":"PENG"},{"addressTagIds":"aff1","articleId":"20c19c8b-ca1c-4761-bb44-672dab515be8","authorNameCn":"","authorNameEn":"LI Can","authorTagVal":"1","authorType":"author","bioEn":"LI Can, e-mail: <a href=\"mailto:21812140@zju.edu.cn\">21812140@zju.edu.cn</a>","corresper":false,"email":"21812140@zju.edu.cn","givenNamesEn":"Can","id":"959b84ce-888f-4c92-8022-18709aad388a","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9060-0680","sortNumber":5,"surNameEn":"LI"},{"addressTagIds":"aff1","articleId":"20c19c8b-ca1c-4761-bb44-672dab515be8","authorNameCn":"","authorNameEn":"ZHAN Liang-tong","authorTagVal":"1","authorType":"author","bioEn":"ZHAN Liang-tong, e-mail: <a href=\"mailto:zhanlt@zju.edu.cn\">zhanlt@zju.edu.cn</a>","corresper":false,"email":"zhanlt@zju.edu.cn","givenNamesEn":"Liang-tong","id":"07c6e7d4-7cdf-4e31-8c5d-e11c68b0fc68","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4483-6737","sortNumber":6,"surNameEn":"ZHAN"}],"categoryNameEn":"Mountain Hazards","citationCn":"","citationEn":"ZHANG Shuai, LIU Ying, BATE Bate, PENG Da-lei, LI Can, ZHAN Liang-tong. 2021: Quantitative human risk analysis of 2015 Shenzhen dump failure considering influence of urbanization. <i>Journal of Mountain Science</i>, 18(6): 1439-1457. <span style=\"display:inline-block;\">DOI: <a class=\"mainColor\" href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11629-020-6260-7\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"mainColor\">10.1007/s11629-020-6260-7</a></span>","doi":"10.1007/s11629-020-6260-7","figList":[{"dataId":"20c19c8b-ca1c-4761-bb44-672dab515be8","fileFrom":"xml","fileLastName":"jpg","filePath":"/fileSDKXXB/journal/article/sdkxxb/2021/6/sdkxxb-18-6-1439-1.jpg","fileSize":"200KB","fileType":"fulltextFig","fileXMLPath":"sdkxxb-18-6-1439-1.jpg","id":"5522af62-683a-4315-85a4-50e73d621b40","isFirstImg":"0","journalId":"ff007540-a7c7-4752-b593-efa08309babb","labelText":"1","nameEn":"Pre-dump, pre-slide, and post-slide overview of the Shenzhen dump failure (landslide boundary marked in red). 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(a) Failure probability vs. number of simulation; (b) Histogram of the factor of safety; (c) Mean vs. number of simulation; (d) Standard deviation vs. number of simulation.","referSecTagIds":"","sort":7,"supplementRemarkCn":"","supplementRemarkEn":"","tagId":"Figure8","type":"article","typesetSecTagId":"s4","viewNum":0},{"dataId":"20c19c8b-ca1c-4761-bb44-672dab515be8","fileFrom":"xml","fileLastName":"jpg","filePath":"/fileSDKXXB/journal/article/sdkxxb/2021/6/sdkxxb-18-6-1439-9.jpg","fileSize":"29KB","fileType":"fulltextFig","fileXMLPath":"sdkxxb-18-6-1439-9.jpg","id":"6ee2cbd8-e362-47d9-922e-c6e30c3c869c","isFirstImg":"0","journalId":"ff007540-a7c7-4752-b593-efa08309babb","labelText":"9","nameEn":"Result of the Monte Carlo simulation of 2015 (<i>δ</i><sub><i>c</i></sub> = 0.3, <i>δ</i><sub><i>φ</i></sub> = 0.4, <i>l</i><sub><i>h</i></sub> = 40 m, and <i>l</i><sub><i>v</i></sub> = 4 m): probability distribution of the factor of safety.","referSecTagIds":"","sort":8,"supplementRemarkCn":"","supplementRemarkEn":"","tagId":"Figure9","type":"article","typesetSecTagId":"s4","viewNum":0},{"dataId":"20c19c8b-ca1c-4761-bb44-672dab515be8","fileFrom":"xml","fileLastName":"jpg","filePath":"/fileSDKXXB/journal/article/sdkxxb/2021/6/sdkxxb-18-6-1439-10.jpg","fileSize":"33KB","fileType":"fulltextFig","fileXMLPath":"sdkxxb-18-6-1439-10.jpg","id":"b7e1a1dc-bc8d-4b11-9e6e-213d28f00cf6","isFirstImg":"0","journalId":"ff007540-a7c7-4752-b593-efa08309babb","labelText":"10","nameEn":"Effects of spatial variability on the failure probability of the dumpsite.","referSecTagIds":"","sort":9,"supplementRemarkCn":"","supplementRemarkEn":"","tagId":"Figure10","type":"article","typesetSecTagId":"s4","viewNum":0},{"dataId":"20c19c8b-ca1c-4761-bb44-672dab515be8","fileFrom":"xml","fileLastName":"jpg","filePath":"/fileSDKXXB/journal/article/sdkxxb/2021/6/sdkxxb-18-6-1439-11.jpg","fileSize":"207KB","fileType":"fulltextFig","fileXMLPath":"sdkxxb-18-6-1439-11.jpg","id":"304a232b-1a10-4d76-8c1a-6d9e0a5490b1","isFirstImg":"0","journalId":"ff007540-a7c7-4752-b593-efa08309babb","labelText":"11","nameEn":"Hazardous element in the site. (a) and (b): Low urbanization in 2002; (c) and (d): High urbanization in 2015 (image data: Google Earth).","referSecTagIds":"","sort":10,"supplementRemarkCn":"","supplementRemarkEn":"","tagId":"Figure11","type":"article","typesetSecTagId":"s4","viewNum":0},{"dataId":"20c19c8b-ca1c-4761-bb44-672dab515be8","fileFrom":"xml","fileLastName":"jpg","filePath":"/fileSDKXXB/journal/article/sdkxxb/2021/6/sdkxxb-18-6-1439-12.jpg","fileSize":"87KB","fileType":"fulltextFig","fileXMLPath":"sdkxxb-18-6-1439-12.jpg","id":"9c0203fe-09e8-4350-ad83-1e75fdeb05fe","isFirstImg":"0","journalId":"ff007540-a7c7-4752-b593-efa08309babb","labelText":"12","nameEn":"Results of risk assessment of the dump failure (a) Individual risk in 2002; (b) Societal risk in 2002; (c) Individual risk in 2014; (d) Societal risk in 2014; (e) Individual risk in 2015; (f) Societal risk in 2015.","referSecTagIds":"","sort":11,"supplementRemarkCn":"","supplementRemarkEn":"","tagId":"Figure12","type":"article","typesetSecTagId":"s4","viewNum":0},{"dataId":"20c19c8b-ca1c-4761-bb44-672dab515be8","fileFrom":"xml","fileLastName":"jpg","filePath":"/fileSDKXXB/journal/article/sdkxxb/2021/6/sdkxxb-18-6-1439-13.jpg","fileSize":"66KB","fileType":"fulltextFig","fileXMLPath":"sdkxxb-18-6-1439-13.jpg","id":"aff76ce2-52dd-4cfe-94d4-8fb550df761b","isFirstImg":"0","journalId":"ff007540-a7c7-4752-b593-efa08309babb","labelText":"13","nameEn":"<i>F</i>-<i>N</i> curves in 2002, 2014, and 2015 after the dump failure in Guangming New Strict, Shenzhen.","referSecTagIds":"","sort":12,"supplementRemarkCn":"","supplementRemarkEn":"","tagId":"Figure13","type":"article","typesetSecTagId":"s4","viewNum":0},{"dataId":"20c19c8b-ca1c-4761-bb44-672dab515be8","fileFrom":"xml","fileLastName":"jpg","filePath":"/fileSDKXXB/journal/article/sdkxxb/2021/6/sdkxxb-18-6-1439-14.jpg","fileSize":"104KB","fileType":"fulltextFig","fileXMLPath":"sdkxxb-18-6-1439-14.jpg","id":"007780e5-6a06-4c36-acf4-99ec3371e5b1","isFirstImg":"0","journalId":"ff007540-a7c7-4752-b593-efa08309babb","labelText":"14","nameEn":"Multi-temporal satellite remote-sensing images of Meilinguan landslide (image data source: Google Earth): (a) An abandoned site with low urbanization in 2000; (b) Construction and building increased obviously in 2002; (c) The landfill failure and most of the buildings destroyed.","referSecTagIds":"","sort":13,"supplementRemarkCn":"","supplementRemarkEn":"","tagId":"Figure14","type":"article","typesetSecTagId":"s5","viewNum":0},{"dataId":"20c19c8b-ca1c-4761-bb44-672dab515be8","fileFrom":"xml","fileLastName":"jpg","filePath":"/fileSDKXXB/journal/article/sdkxxb/2021/6/sdkxxb-18-6-1439-15.jpg","fileSize":"23KB","fileType":"fulltextFig","fileXMLPath":"sdkxxb-18-6-1439-15.jpg","id":"5bb0c1de-0a3f-47c8-ab6c-c212123e5c38","isFirstImg":"0","journalId":"ff007540-a7c7-4752-b593-efa08309babb","labelText":"15","nameEn":"The human risk increasing with the rapid development of urbanization in the major urban areas.","referSecTagIds":"","sort":14,"supplementRemarkCn":"","supplementRemarkEn":"","tagId":"Figure15","type":"article","typesetSecTagId":"s5","viewNum":0}],"filePath":"/fileSDKXXB/journal/article/sdkxxb/2021/6/","firstFig":{"dataId":"20c19c8b-ca1c-4761-bb44-672dab515be8","fileFrom":"xml","fileLastName":"jpg","filePath":"/fileSDKXXB/journal/article/sdkxxb/2021/6/sdkxxb-18-6-1439-1.jpg","fileSize":"200KB","fileType":"fulltextFig","fileXMLPath":"sdkxxb-18-6-1439-1.jpg","id":"5522af62-683a-4315-85a4-50e73d621b40","isFirstImg":"0","journalId":"ff007540-a7c7-4752-b593-efa08309babb","labelText":"1","nameEn":"Pre-dump, pre-slide, and post-slide overview of the Shenzhen dump failure (landslide boundary marked in red). 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